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📚 Vocabulary Deep Dive

B1B2 – WHAT IS COOL? AND CAN I BE?

15 key termsJournalistic articleB1-B2

🎯 Learning Priorities

Focus on these words based on their importance for understanding the text:

⭐ Central concept of the entire article – students cannot understand the text without knowing this term
coolnessnounneutral

the quality of being fashionable, attractive and confident in a way that people admire

📝 “A recent international study claims to have discovered the secret of coolness”

Goes with: the secret of coolness, coolness has to live within you, coolness tends to come from
Family: noun: coolness | verb: – | adjective: cool
🇮🇹 False friend: 'coolness' is not 'freddezza' (coldness) but refers to social attractiveness
⭐ Key verb expressing difficulty that appears multiple times and is essential for discussing challenges
struggleverbneutral

to try very hard to do something difficult

📝 “People who are born introverts will probably struggle to seem consistently socially confident”

Goes with: struggle to do, struggle with, struggle to seem
Family: noun: struggle | verb: struggle | adjective: struggling
🇮🇹 Followed by 'to + infinitive' when describing what is difficult to do
⭐ Essential discourse marker for understanding how information is attributed to sources throughout the article
according tophraseformal

as stated or reported by someone

📝 “According to the researchers, people can increase how cool they seem”

Goes with: according to the researchers, according to experts, according to the study
Family: noun: – | verb: – | adjective: –
🇮🇹 Used to introduce reported information, similar to 'secondo'
⭐ Critical for understanding reported speech and survey results that form the article's evidence
claimedverbneutral

stated that something is true, especially when it might not be

📝 “with only ten percent claiming they actually were”

Goes with: claim to be, claim that, claimed without losing
Family: noun: claim | verb: claim | adjective: –
🇮🇹 Can suggest doubt about the truth of the statement
⭐ Key term for understanding the research findings and their reliability across different groups
consistentadjectiveformal

always behaving or happening in the same way

📝 “Results were remarkably consistent across age, gender, education and location”

Goes with: remarkably consistent, consistent across, consistent results
Family: noun: consistency | verb: – | adjective: consistent
🇮🇹 False friend: not 'consistente' (solid) but 'coerente' (uniform)
⭐ Important for understanding emphasis and certainty in arguments about who is cool
undeniablyadverbformal

in a way that is certainly true and cannot be disagreed with

📝 “Who is undeniably cool? Charli XCX, certainly.”

Goes with: undeniably cool, undeniably true, undeniably talented
Family: noun: – | verb: deny | adjective: undeniable
🇮🇹 Stronger than 'certainly' – emphasizes impossibility of denial
⭐ Captures a key characteristic of coolness discussed throughout the article
effortlesslyadverbneutral

in a way that appears easy and natural, without trying hard

📝 “identifying six key characteristics that make someone seem effortlessly desirable”

Goes with: seem effortlessly, effortlessly desirable, effortlessly cool
Family: noun: effort | verb: – | adjective: effortless
🇮🇹 Key concept: appearing to achieve something without visible effort
⭐ Important formal connector for following the article's argument structure
moreoveradverbformal

in addition to what has been said; furthermore

📝 “Moreover, simply having those characteristics isn't enough”

Goes with: moreover, simply, moreover, this, and moreover
Family: noun: – | verb: – | adjective: –
🇮🇹 More formal than 'also' – used in academic and journalistic writing
⭐ Essential for understanding the cultural and historical discussion about coolness
mainstreamnoun/adjectiveneutral

the ideas, attitudes, or activities that are shared by most people and regarded as normal

📝 “Selling out to the mainstream was looked down upon”

Goes with: the mainstream, mainstream culture, selling out to the mainstream
Family: noun: mainstream | verb: – | adjective: mainstream
🇮🇹 Refers to popular, conventional culture as opposed to alternative subcultures
⭐ Useful for understanding generalizations and patterns described in the article
tends toverb phraseneutral

usually does something or usually happens in a particular way

📝 “Coolness tends to come from obsessive artistic vision or family problems”

Goes with: tends to come from, tends to be, tends to happen
Family: noun: tendency | verb: tend | adjective: –
🇮🇹 Expresses general patterns, not absolute rules
⭐ Colorful idiomatic expression that adds depth but context makes meaning clear
rub off onphrasal verbinformal

if a quality or characteristic rubs off on you, you start to have it because you are with another person who has it

📝 “hoping some coolness will rub off on them”

Goes with: rub off on someone, will rub off, might rub off
Family: noun: – | verb: rub off (on) | adjective: –
🇮🇹 Idiomatic – means qualities transfer from one person to another through contact
⭐ Useful phrasal verb for discussing social attitudes but could be understood from context
looked down uponphrasal verbneutral

regarded as inferior or not worthy of respect

📝 “Selling out to the mainstream was looked down upon”

Goes with: was looked down upon, looked down upon by, looked down on
Family: noun: – | verb: look down on/upon | adjective: –
🇮🇹 Passive form of phrasal verb – means to consider someone/something inferior
⭐ Specific descriptive term useful for discussing personality but not blocking comprehension
inexpressiveadjectiveformal

showing no emotion or feelings on your face or in your behavior

📝 “being inexpressive makes you seem cold rather than cool”

Goes with: being inexpressive, inexpressive face, seem inexpressive
Family: noun: inexpressiveness | verb: express | adjective: inexpressive
🇮🇹 Negative prefix 'in-' makes this mean 'without expression'
⭐ Cultural term that enriches understanding of the historical section
working classnoun/adjectiveneutral

the social group consisting of people who do physical or manual work for wages

📝 “Most twentieth-century cool icons were poor or working class”

Goes with: working class background, working class family, poor or working class
Family: noun: working class | verb: work | adjective: working-class
🇮🇹 Social class term – 'classe operaia' in Italian
⭐ Adds nuance to understanding degrees of being uncool but not essential
activelyadverbneutral

in a way that involves doing things or taking action

📝 “which is worse than being actively uncool”

Goes with: actively uncool, actively involved, actively participate
Family: noun: activity | verb: activate | adjective: active
🇮🇹 Here means 'obviously' or 'clearly' uncool, not just neutral

📖 Complete Vocabulary Reference

All vocabulary items organized by theme:

Core Concept Vocabulary

Central terms for discussing the main topic of coolness and its characteristics

coolnessnounneutral

the quality of being fashionable, attractive and confident in a way that people admire

📝 “A recent international study claims to have discovered the secret of coolness”

Goes with: the secret of coolness, coolness has to live within you, coolness tends to come from
Family: noun: coolness | verb: – | adjective: cool
🇮🇹 False friend: 'coolness' is not 'freddezza' (coldness) but refers to social attractiveness
undeniablyadverbformal

in a way that is certainly true and cannot be disagreed with

📝 “Who is undeniably cool? Charli XCX, certainly.”

Goes with: undeniably cool, undeniably true, undeniably talented
Family: noun: – | verb: deny | adjective: undeniable
🇮🇹 Stronger than 'certainly' – emphasizes impossibility of denial
effortlesslyadverbneutral

in a way that appears easy and natural, without trying hard

📝 “identifying six key characteristics that make someone seem effortlessly desirable”

Goes with: seem effortlessly, effortlessly desirable, effortlessly cool
Family: noun: effort | verb: – | adjective: effortless
🇮🇹 Key concept: appearing to achieve something without visible effort
claimedverbneutral

stated that something is true, especially when it might not be

📝 “with only ten percent claiming they actually were”

Goes with: claim to be, claim that, claimed without losing
Family: noun: claim | verb: claim | adjective: –
🇮🇹 Can suggest doubt about the truth of the statement

Discourse Markers and Connectors

Words that structure arguments and add information in formal writing

according tophraseformal

as stated or reported by someone

📝 “According to the researchers, people can increase how cool they seem”

Goes with: according to the researchers, according to experts, according to the study
Family: noun: – | verb: – | adjective: –
🇮🇹 Used to introduce reported information, similar to 'secondo'
moreoveradverbformal

in addition to what has been said; furthermore

📝 “Moreover, simply having those characteristics isn't enough”

Goes with: moreover, simply, moreover, this, and moreover
Family: noun: – | verb: – | adjective: –
🇮🇹 More formal than 'also' – used in academic and journalistic writing
tends toverb phraseneutral

usually does something or usually happens in a particular way

📝 “Coolness tends to come from obsessive artistic vision or family problems”

Goes with: tends to come from, tends to be, tends to happen
Family: noun: tendency | verb: tend | adjective: –
🇮🇹 Expresses general patterns, not absolute rules

Descriptive and Evaluative Terms

Adjectives and adverbs used to describe characteristics and behaviors

consistentadjectiveformal

always behaving or happening in the same way

📝 “Results were remarkably consistent across age, gender, education and location”

Goes with: remarkably consistent, consistent across, consistent results
Family: noun: consistency | verb: – | adjective: consistent
🇮🇹 False friend: not 'consistente' (solid) but 'coerente' (uniform)
inexpressiveadjectiveformal

showing no emotion or feelings on your face or in your behavior

📝 “being inexpressive makes you seem cold rather than cool”

Goes with: being inexpressive, inexpressive face, seem inexpressive
Family: noun: inexpressiveness | verb: express | adjective: inexpressive
🇮🇹 Negative prefix 'in-' makes this mean 'without expression'
activelyadverbneutral

in a way that involves doing things or taking action

📝 “which is worse than being actively uncool”

Goes with: actively uncool, actively involved, actively participate
Family: noun: activity | verb: activate | adjective: active
🇮🇹 Here means 'obviously' or 'clearly' uncool, not just neutral

Social and Cultural Terms

Vocabulary describing social classes, attitudes and cultural phenomena

working classnoun/adjectiveneutral

the social group consisting of people who do physical or manual work for wages

📝 “Most twentieth-century cool icons were poor or working class”

Goes with: working class background, working class family, poor or working class
Family: noun: working class | verb: work | adjective: working-class
🇮🇹 Social class term – 'classe operaia' in Italian
mainstreamnoun/adjectiveneutral

the ideas, attitudes, or activities that are shared by most people and regarded as normal

📝 “Selling out to the mainstream was looked down upon”

Goes with: the mainstream, mainstream culture, selling out to the mainstream
Family: noun: mainstream | verb: – | adjective: mainstream
🇮🇹 Refers to popular, conventional culture as opposed to alternative subcultures
looked down uponphrasal verbneutral

regarded as inferior or not worthy of respect

📝 “Selling out to the mainstream was looked down upon”

Goes with: was looked down upon, looked down upon by, looked down on
Family: noun: – | verb: look down on/upon | adjective: –
🇮🇹 Passive form of phrasal verb – means to consider someone/something inferior

Action and Process Verbs

Verbs describing challenges, influences and changes

struggleverbneutral

to try very hard to do something difficult

📝 “People who are born introverts will probably struggle to seem consistently socially confident”

Goes with: struggle to do, struggle with, struggle to seem
Family: noun: struggle | verb: struggle | adjective: struggling
🇮🇹 Followed by 'to + infinitive' when describing what is difficult to do
rub off onphrasal verbinformal

if a quality or characteristic rubs off on you, you start to have it because you are with another person who has it

📝 “hoping some coolness will rub off on them”

Goes with: rub off on someone, will rub off, might rub off
Family: noun: – | verb: rub off (on) | adjective: –
🇮🇹 Idiomatic – means qualities transfer from one person to another through contact

🎮 Practice Activities

Word Formation

Complete the sentences using the correct form of the word in brackets

The singer’s _____ (cool) has made her a fashion icon.

She is _____ (deny) one of the most talented artists today.

His face remained completely _____ (express) during the interview.

The team worked _____ (effort) together to complete the project.

She _____ (active) participates in all class discussions.

Collocation Matching

according
struggle
rub off
looked down
remarkably
effortlessly
working
mainstream
culture
consistent results
to seem confident
upon by society
class background
on someone
to the researchers
cool style

Gap Fill

_____ the study, most people think they are not cool.

Introverts often _____ to appear socially confident in large groups.

The research findings were _____ across all age groups and countries.

She is _____ talented, even her critics admit it.

His positive attitude _____ on everyone around him.

Gap Fill Multiple Choice

_____, having the right characteristics isn't enough to be cool.

In the past, selling out to the _____ was considered uncool.

Many cool icons came from _____ backgrounds.

People who are _____ uncool are worse off than those who are just neutral.

The survey showed that only 10% _____ they were actually cool.