📐 Grammar Structure Analysis
When Travellors and Tourists Collide (b1b2)
Present Perfect for Current Relevance
CEFR: B1
Form
have/has + past participleUses & Functions
Examples from the Text
The old model of travel discovery has fundamentally changed.
New Zealand has introduced visitor taxes to fund conservation efforts.
That same weathered boat that's been featured in ten thousand Instagram posts.
🇮🇹 Italian Speaker Notes
Challenge: Italian speakers often use passato prossimo where English needs past simple (completed time)
Tip: Use present perfect only when the time period continues to now or the result matters now
⚖️ Contrasts & Comparisons
✏️ Practice: Present Perfect for Current Relevance
Complete the sentences using the correct form of the present perfect or past simple
Social media _____ (change) the way people discover travel destinations in recent years.
New Zealand _____ (introduce) visitor taxes to protect its natural sites.
That small village _____ (receive) thousands of visitors since the viral post last month.
Local communities _____ (not prepare) adequately for the sudden tourism boom.
_____ overtourism _____ (become) a problem in your country?
Used to + infinitive
CEFR: B1
Form
used to + base verbUses & Functions
Examples from the Text
That used to be a traveler's secret.
Places that once required insider knowledge (implied: used to require)
What was once obscure (implied past state)
🇮🇹 Italian Speaker Notes
Challenge: Italian uses imperfect tense (era, aveva) – students may say 'was being' instead of 'used to be'
Tip: Use 'used to' for past states/habits, not 'was' + -ing (which shows temporary action)
⚖️ Contrasts & Comparisons
✏️ Practice: Used to + infinitive
Choose the correct form: 'used to' + verb or past simple
This fishing village _____ (be) a quiet, undiscovered place before social media.
Travelers _____ (need) insider knowledge to find hidden destinations.
In 2010, only 200 tourists _____ (visit) this beach each year.
These locations _____ (require) effort to reach, but now they're on every travel blog.
_____ this area _____ (attract) many visitors before the Instagram post?
Passive Voice (Present Simple and Present Continuous)
CEFR: B1-B2
Form
be + past participle / be being + past participleUses & Functions
Examples from the Text
This pattern is playing out across the globe.
Places that once required insider knowledge to find are now appearing on carefully curated social media feeds.
Coral reefs get damaged by inexperienced snorkelers.
🇮🇹 Italian Speaker Notes
Challenge: Italian uses passive less frequently; students overuse active or 'si' constructions
Tip: In formal/journalistic English, passive is common when the action matters more than who does it
⚖️ Contrasts & Comparisons
✏️ Practice: Passive Voice (Present Simple and Present Continuous)
Complete the sentences using the correct passive form
Coral reefs _____ (damage) by inexperienced snorkelers every day.
Local culture _____ (commodify) when tourism becomes the main industry.
This pattern _____ (play out) across the globe right now.
Hidden locations _____ (discover) and share on social media within hours.
New regulations _____ (introduce) by governments to control visitor numbers.
Relative Clauses (defining and non-defining)
CEFR: B1-B2
Form
noun + who/which/that + clauseUses & Functions
Examples from the Text
A small fishing village on the coast of Portugal that used to be a traveler's secret.
The same weathered boat that's been featured in ten thousand Instagram posts.
Infrastructure built for a few hundred residents suddenly serves thousands of daily visitors.
🇮🇹 Italian Speaker Notes
Challenge: Italian uses 'che' for all relatives; students confuse who/which/that/where
Tip: Use 'who' for people, 'which' for things, 'that' for both (defining only), 'where' for places
⚖️ Contrasts & Comparisons
✏️ Practice: Relative Clauses (defining and non-defining)
Complete the sentences with the correct relative pronoun (who/which/that/where)
The village _____ used to be a secret is now crowded with tourists.
Travelers _____ share their discoveries on social media don't realize the impact.
The boat _____ has been featured in thousands of posts is now a tourist attraction.
Places _____ once required insider knowledge are now appearing on Instagram feeds.
The island _____ I visited last year is now overrun with tourists.
Modal Verbs for Possibility and Speculation
CEFR: B1-B2
Form
can/could/may/might + base verbUses & Functions
Examples from the Text
The very act of discovering and sharing a beautiful place can destroy what made it special.
Local culture can become commodified.
A single viral post can bring hundreds of visitors within weeks.
🇮🇹 Italian Speaker Notes
Challenge: Italian 'potere' covers can/could/may/might – students don't distinguish levels of certainty
Tip: 'Can' = general possibility; 'could/might/may' = less certain; 'must' = logical deduction
⚖️ Contrasts & Comparisons
✏️ Practice: Modal Verbs for Possibility and Speculation
Complete the sentences with the correct modal verb (can/could/may/might/must)
The act of sharing beautiful places _____ destroy what made them special.
A single viral post _____ bring hundreds of visitors within weeks.
Local infrastructure _____ not cope with sudden increases in visitor numbers.
Traditional culture _____ become commodified when tourism dominates the economy.
Some destinations _____ already be beyond recovery from overtourism.