Let’s explore how we use words to show contrast in English:

✓ Although, even though, and though are followed by a complete clause
✓ Despite and in spite of are followed by a noun or gerund

Example sentences:
– Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
– We enjoyed the beach even though it was crowded.
– Despite the high price, I bought the tickets.
– In spite of having a cold, she went to work.

Now let’s look at how we express why we do things:

✓ To, in order to, and so as to express positive purpose
✓ So as not to expresses negative purpose

Example sentences:
– I went early to avoid traffic.
– She studies hard in order to pass her exams.
– He spoke quietly so as not to wake the baby.

We often use both types of linkers together in natural speech:

✓ Although it was expensive, I bought it to surprise my sister.
✓ Despite being tired, she stayed up late in order to finish her work.
✓ Even though it was dark, we continued walking so as not to be late.