💡 'So far this morning' is an open signal — the morning is still in progress. We use present perfect. 'Checked' is wrong because it needs an open signal. 'Check' is present simple. 'Was checking' is past continuous.

💡 'Yesterday afternoon' is a closed signal — it is finished. We use past simple. 'Has sent' and 'have sent' are present perfect, which cannot go with 'yesterday'. 'Sends' is present simple.

💡 'So far this week' is an open signal — the week is not finished. We use present perfect negative. 'Didn't receive' is past simple, which needs a closed signal. 'Don't receive' is present simple.

💡 'Last Monday' is a closed signal — that day is finished. We use past simple. 'Has explained' and 'have explained' are present perfect, which cannot go with 'last Monday'. 'Is explaining' is present continuous.

💡 'Since June' means the situation started in June and continues now — this is an open period. We use present perfect. 'Lived' with 'since' describes a finished period, which is wrong here. 'Live' is present simple.

💡 'Ago' always points to a finished past moment. We use past simple. 'Has started' and 'have started' are present perfect, which cannot go with 'ago'. 'Starts' is present simple.

💡 'This year' is an open signal when the year is still in progress. We use present perfect. 'Met' alone suggests a closed past moment. 'Meets' is present simple. 'Was meeting' is past continuous.

💡 It is now the afternoon, so 'this morning' is a closed signal. We use past simple. 'Have spoken' and 'has spoken' are present perfect, but the morning is now finished. 'Speak' is present simple.

🇮🇹 Note for Italian speakers: In Italian, you might use 'ho parlato' here, but in English, once 'this morning' is finished, we switch to past simple.

💡 'Recently' is an open signal — it refers to a period up to now. We use present perfect. 'Noticed' alone suggests a specific finished moment. 'Notice' is present simple. 'Am noticing' is present continuous.

💡 'Five minutes ago' is a closed signal — it names a specific finished past moment. We use past simple. 'Has finished' and 'have finished' are present perfect, which cannot go with 'ago'. 'Is finishing' is present continuous.

💡 'So far' is an open signal — the exercise is still in progress. We use present perfect question form. 'Did you find' is past simple, which needs a closed signal. 'Do you find' is present simple. 'You have found' has wrong word order for a question.

💡 'Last week' is a closed signal — that week is finished. We use past simple negative. 'Haven't used' is present perfect, which cannot go with 'last week'. 'Don't use' is present simple. 'Hadn't used' is past perfect.

💡 'For five years now' means the period continues to the present — this is an open duration. We use present perfect. 'Worked' describes a finished period. 'Work' is present simple. 'Am working' is present continuous.

🇮🇹 Note for Italian speakers: 'Lavoro qui da cinque anni' uses present tense in Italian, but English uses present perfect: 'I have worked here for five years'.

💡 'When' always signals a finished past moment. We use past simple. 'Have you started' is present perfect — 'when' never goes with present perfect. 'You started' has wrong word order. 'Do you start' is present simple.

🇮🇹 Note for Italian speakers: 'Quando hai iniziato' uses 'hai iniziato' in Italian, but in English 'when' always takes past simple: 'When did you start?'

💡 'So far' means the lesson is still open — not finished. We use present perfect. 'Learned' suggests the lesson is closed. 'Learn' is present simple. 'Was learning' is past continuous.

💡 'In 2022' is a closed signal — that year is finished. We use past simple. 'Has created' and 'have created' are present perfect, which cannot go with a specific finished year. 'Creates' is present simple.

💡 It is still morning — 'this morning' is an open signal right now. We use present perfect. 'Had' alone suggests a finished past period. 'Have' is present simple. 'Was having' is past continuous.

💡 'Last week's session' is a closed signal — that event is finished. We use past simple. 'Have talked' and 'have been talking' are present perfect forms, which cannot go with 'last week'. 'Talk' is present simple.

💡 'This month' is an open signal when the month is still in progress. We use present perfect. 'Made' suggests a closed past moment. 'Makes' is present simple. 'Was making' is past continuous.

💡 'An hour ago' is a closed signal — it names a specific finished past moment. We use past simple. 'Have sent' and 'has sent' are present perfect, which cannot go with 'ago'. 'Send' is present simple.

💡 'How long' with a job you still have describes an open period up to now. We use present perfect. 'Did you work' is past simple — it suggests the job is finished. 'Do you work' is present simple. 'You have worked' has wrong word order.

💡 The sentence says 'at the start of the lesson' — this is a specific finished moment, even though 'today' appears in the sentence. The specific time marker closes the event. We use past simple. 'Has explained' is present perfect. 'Explain' and 'is explaining' are wrong forms.

💡 'Never' is an open signal — it covers all time up to now. We use present perfect: 'I have never used'. 'Had' is past perfect. 'Did' is past simple auxiliary. 'Was' is past simple of 'be'.

💡 The sentence has no closed time signal — the explanation is relevant to now. We use present perfect. 'Explained' alone suggests a specific finished past moment with a closed signal. 'Explains' is present simple. 'Was explaining' is past continuous.

💡 'Since we started this pathway' means the understanding continues from a past point to now — this is an open period. We use present perfect. 'Understood' describes a finished past moment. 'Understand' is present simple. 'Was understanding' is past continuous.